Climate Change, Carbon and Plants Briefings
CRC for Greenhouse Acounting, Australia, 2006
At the briefings, leading scientists presented the latest information on how climate change might affect plants and plant-based industry, and how we might adapt.
Two briefings were held in 2006 - one in Melbourne on the 31st May and one in Sydney on the 13th June. In response to numerous requests from people unable to attend the briefings in person, the presentations were recorded and are now available online.
'Questions' and 'Panel' sessions include audience questions and discussion between presenters and audience, expanding on the material provided in the presentations.
Introduction
Future climates and Australia's greenhouse profile - Dr Michael Robinson [EXE, 10.51MB]
Questions and discussion [Melbourne] [MP3, 2.27MB]
Stream 1 - Carbon in the Landscape
Biomass carbon and Land Use Changes - Dr John Raison [EXE, 15.60MB]
Questions - [Sydney] [MP3, 7.82MB] [Melbourne] [MP3, 10.44MB]
Wood products as carbon stores; TimberCam - Mr Fabiano Ximenes [EXE, 10.94MB]
Soil carbon and productivity - Mr Jan Skjemstad [View Online] [Download][EXE, 10.48MB]
Questions [Melbourne] [MP3, 5.37MB]
Panel - Dr Raison, Mr Fabiano Ximenes, Mr Jan Skjemstad [Sydney] [MP3, 18.46MB] [Melbourne] [MP3, 19.99MB]
Stream 1 - Counting and Trading Carbon
Increasing tree cover in grazing land - Dr Steven Bray [View Online] [Download] [EXE, 14.35MB]
Questions [Sydney] [MP3, 3.70MB]
Standards and Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - Dr Beverley Henry [View Online] [Download] [EXE, 13.24MB]
Questions [Sydney] [MP3, 1.82MB] [Melbourne] [MP3, 2.22MB]
Stream 2 - Implications for Plants and Agriculture
CO2 concentrations & the C cycle & Effects on plant growth - Dr John Evans and Professor Marilyn Ball [View Online ] [Download] [EXE, 19.81MB]
Questions [Sydney] [MP3, 8.98MB] [Melbourne] [MP3, 3.74MB]
How will climate change affect water availability - Dr Michael Roderick [View Online] [Download] [EXE, 14.50MB]
Questions [Melbourne] [MP3, 4.60MB]
The impacts of climate change on Australian viticulture - Ms Leanne Webb [View Online] [Download] [EXE, 12.19MB]
Panel - Dr Evans, Prof. Ball, Dr Roderick, Ms Webb [Sydney] [MP3, 13.90MB] [Melbourne] [MP3, 18.12MB]
Soil organic matter and productivity - Mr Jan Skjemstad [View Online] [Download][EXE, 10.20MB]
Questions [Melbourne] [MP3, 6.08MB]
Are there Win-Win Strategies for Minimising Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture? Agriculture calculators - Dr Richard Eckard, Mr Ian Galbally [EXE, 12.20MB]
Panel - Mr Jan Skjemstad, Mr Ian Galbally, Dr Richard Eckard [Sydney] [MP3, 6.43MB] [Melbourne] [MP3, 8.19MB]
Joint Session
Carbon trading in Australia and internationally - Dr Annette Cowie and Dr Michael Robinson [View Online ] [Download] [EXE, 13.24MB]
Questions [Melbourne] [MP3, 16.89MB]
Carbon accounting tools - Mr John Carter [EXE, 6.40MB]
Carbon accounting tools - Dr Matthew Searson [EXE, 8.55MB]
Panel - Dr Annette Cowie, Dr Michael Robinson, Dr Matthew Searson, Mr John Carter [Sydney] [MP3, 12.37MB] [Melbourne] [MP3, 13.96MB]
Skjemstad
Climate Change, Carbon and Plants Briefings
Submitted by Tom Miles on Sun, 2007-12-02 20:25.Soil Organic Carbon
Submitted by Tom Miles on Thu, 2007-03-08 05:10.Soil Organic Carbon
Jan Skjemstad, CRC Greenhouse Accounting
In Summary
Soil OC is a significant source and sink of atmospheric CO2
Soil is a complex, biologically active medium
Soil OC is not one material
Changes in SOC can be measured directly or can be modelled
The C sink value of soils is limited BUT increasing and maintaining SOC has many benefits for improved productivity and soil resilience
Charcoal Carbon in U.S. Agricultural Soils
Submitted by Tom Miles on Mon, 2007-03-05 01:27.
Charcoal Carbon in U.S. Agricultural Soils Jan O. Skjemstad*,a, Donald C. Reicoskyb, Alan R. Wiltsb and Janine A. McGowana
Soil Science Society of America Journal (SSSAJ), 66:1249-1255 (2002)
a CSIRO Land and Water and CRC for Greenhouse Accounting, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia 5064
b USDAi-ARS, North Central Soil Conservation Research Lab, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN 56267
* Corresponding author (Jan.Skjemstad@csiro.au)
Only small changes in soil organic carbon and charcoal concentrations found one year after experimental slash-and-burn
Submitted by Tom Miles on Sat, 2007-04-07 04:52. Only small changes in soil organic carbon and charcoal concentrations found one year after experimental slash-and-burn in a temperate deciduous forest
E. Eckmeier, R. Gerlach, J. O. Skjemstad, O. Ehrmann, M. W. I. Schmidt, Biogeosciences Discussions, 4, 595-614, 2007
Manage carbon to sustain soil structure
Submitted by Tom Miles on Sat, 2007-04-07 04:41.Manage carbon to sustain soil structure
Jan Skjemstad, CSIRO LAND AND WATER AND CRC FOR GREENHOUSE ACCOUNTING in FARMING AHEAD No. 158 March 2005
Soil organic carbon plays a critical role in the biological, chemical and physical health of a soil. But little is known about how crop management impacts on soil organic carbon levels and thus soil health. This article describes how a new approach to understanding this relationship could help farmers better manage soil organic carbon.
Australian approaches to measuring and monitoring soil organic carbon
Submitted by Tom Miles on Sun, 2007-03-11 05:02.Australian approaches to measuring and monitoring soil organic carbon
Jeff Baldock, Jan Skjemstad, Evelyn Krull
CSIRO Land and Water and CRC for Greenhouse Accounting PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
SOC measurement and composition
Temporal variation in SOC content
delling measurable SOC fractions
Monitoring SOC contents in Australia (National
Carbon Accounting System, NCAS)
THE NATURE, DISTRIBUTION, AND IMPACT OF CHARCOAL IN SOILS
Submitted by Tom Miles on Mon, 2007-03-05 01:22.THE NATURE, DISTRIBUTION, AND IMPACT OF CHARCOAL IN SOILS. J. O. Skjemstad, L. J. Janik,and L. R. Spouncer, CSIRO, Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064. Jan.Skjemstad@adl.clw.csiro.au. 1998
Abstract:
Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils
Submitted by Tom Miles on Sun, 2007-01-21 06:08.Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils
Liang et al. Soil Sci Soc Am J.2006; 70: 1719-1730
Authors:
B. Liang, J. Lehmann, D. Solomon, J. Kinyangi, J. Grossman, B. O'Neill, J. O. Skjemstad, J. Thies, F. J. Luizão, J. Petersen and E. G. Neves
Abstract:
Black Carbon (BC) may significantly affect nutrient retention and play a key role in a wide range of biogeochemical processes in soils, especially for nutrient cycling. Anthrosolsi from the Brazilian Amazon (ages between 600 and 8700 yr BP) with high contents of biomass-derived BC had greater potential cation exchange capacity (CECi measured at pH 7) per unit organic C than adjacent soils with low BC contents. Synchrotron-based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy coupled with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) techniques explained the source of the higher surface charge of BC compared with non-BC by mapping cross-sectional areas of BC particles with diameters of 10 to 50 µm for C forms. The largest cross-sectional areas consisted of highly aromatic or only slightly oxidized organic C most likely originating from the BC itself with a characteristic peak at 286.1 eV, which could not be found in humic substance extracts, bacteria or fungi. Oxidation significantly increased from the core of BC particles to their surfaces as shown by the ratio of carboxyl-C/aromatic-C. Spotted and non-continuous distribution patterns of highly oxidized C functional groups with distinctly different chemical signatures on BC particle surfaces (peak shift at 286.1 eV to a higher energy of 286.7 eV) indicated that non-BC may be adsorbed on the surfaces of BC particles creating highly oxidized surface. As a consequence of both oxidation of the BC particles themselves and adsorption of organic matter to BC surfaces, the charge density (potential CEC per unit surface area) was greater in BC-rich Anthrosols than adjacent soils. Additionally, a high specific surface area was attributable to the presence of BC, which may contribute to the high CEC found in soils that are rich in BC.
